2.5D (visual perception)

2.5D describes effects in visual perception – especially stereoscopic vision – where the 3D environment of the observer is projected onto the 2D planes of the retinas. Thus, while the effect is still effectively 2D, it allows for depth perception. A specific aspect of stereoscopic vision in the perception of depth is that the depth perception is easier when it involves evaluating the disparity between two items in the field of view compared to evaluating the exact depth of a lone, single item in the environment. The 2.5D is obtained by a variety of imaging systems which are combined from 2D images taken by a CCD camera. This will allow computer graphics to manipulate human faces to look lifelike.

2.5D is the construction of a three-dimensional environment from 2D retinal projections. 2.5D is inherently the ability to perceive the physical environment, which allows for the understanding of relationships between objects and ourselves within an environment. Perception of the physical environment is limited because of the visual and cognitive problem. The visual problem is the lack of objects in three-dimensional space to be imaged with the same projection and the cognitive problem is that any object can be a different object depending on the perceiver.David Marr’s work on the 2.5D Sketch has found that 2.5D has visual projection constraints. 2.5D projection constraints exist because "parts of images are always (deformed) discontinuities in luminance"; therefore, in reality we do not see all of our surroundings but construct the viewer-centered three-dimensional view of our environment.

A primary aspect in regards to the human visual system is blur perception. It plays a vital role in ocular focusing in order for one to attain clarity central to retinal-imagery. Visual perception is a complex system in which blur perception plays a key role in focusing on near or far objects. Retinal focus patterns are critical in blur perception. These patterns are composed of distal and proximal retinal defocus. Depending on the object’s distance and motion from the individual viewing it, these patterns contain a balance and an imbalance of focus in both directions.

The human blur perceptions involve ideas of blur detection and blur discrimination in detail. It also goes across the central and peripheral retina. The model has a very changing nature, it is shown that a model of the blur perception is in dioptric space while in near viewing. The model can have suggestions according to depth perception and accommodating control.

The 2.5D range data is obtained by a range imaging system, and the 2D colour image is taken by a CCD camera. These two data sets are processed individually and then combined together. The human face output will be lifelike, and can be manipulated by computer graphics tools. In automatic identification of human faces, this tool can provide complete details on the face. There are three different approaches in colour edge detection: (a) to detect edges in each colour independently and then combine them; (b) to detect edges in the 'luminance channel' and use the chrosminance channels to help making other decisions; and (c) to treat the colour image as a vector field, and use the derivatives of the vector field as the colour gradient for edge detection.

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