2-oxoglutarate

α-Ketoglutaric acid
Names

IUPAC name 2-Oxopentanedioic acid
Other names 2-Ketoglutaric acid alpha-Ketoglutaric acid 2-Oxoglutaric acid Oxoglutaric acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	328-50-7^Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:30915^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1686^Y
ChemSpider	50^Y
DrugBank	DB02926^N
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.756
IUPHAR/BPS	3636
KEGG	C00026^Y
MeSH	alpha-ketoglutaric+acid
PubChem	51
UNII	8ID597Z82X^Y
InChI InChI=1S/C5H6O5/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)^Y Key: KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/C5H6O5/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10) Key: KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES O=C(O)C(=O)CCC(=O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₅H₆O₅
Molar mass	146.11 g/mol
Melting point	115 °C (239 °F; 388 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

α-Ketoglutaric acid is one of two ketone derivatives of glutaric acid. (The term "ketoglutaric acid," when not further qualified, almost always refers to the alpha variant. β-Ketoglutaric acid varies only by the position of the ketone functional group, and is much less common.)

Its anion, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG, also called oxo-glutarate) is an important biological compound. It is the keto acid produced by deamination of glutamate, and is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle.

The alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme converts α-Ketoglutarate and L-alanine to L-glutamate and pyruvate, respectively, as a reversible process.

α-Ketoglutarate is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, coming after isocitrate and before succinyl CoA. Anaplerotic reactions can replenish the cycle at this juncture by synthesizing α-ketoglutarate from transamination of glutamate, or through action of glutamate dehydrogenase on glutamate.

Glutamine is synthesized from glutamate by glutamine synthetase, which utilizes an ATP to form glutamyl phosphate; this intermediate is attacked by ammonia as a nucleophile giving glutamine and inorganic phosphate.

Another function is to combine with nitrogen released in the cell, therefore preventing nitrogen overload.

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Wikipedia