The women's pentathlon at the 1978 European Athletics Championships was held in Praha, then Czechoslovakia, at Stadion Evžena Rošického on 1 and 2 September 1978.
1/2 September
†: Nadezhda Tkachenko ranked initially 1st (4744pts), but was disqualified for infringement of IAAF doping rules.
‡: Yekaterina Gordiyenko ranked initially 5th (4572pts), but was disqualified for infringement of IAAF doping rules.
According to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.