The men's javelin throw at the 1978 European Athletics Championships was held in Praha, then Czechoslovakia, at Stadion Evžena Rošického on 29 and 30 August 1978.
30 August
†: Vasiliy Yershov ranked initially 5th (85.06m), but was disqualified for infringement of IAAF doping rules.
29 August
†: Vasiliy Yershov initially reached the final, but was disqualified later for infringement of IAAF doping rules.
According to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.