19-tone equal temperament

In music, 19 equal temperament, called 19 TET, 19 EDO ("Equal Division of the Octave"), or 19 ET, is the tempered scale derived by dividing the octave into 19 equal steps (equal frequency ratios). Each step represents a frequency ratio of ¹⁹√2, or 63.16 cents ( Play ).

The fact that traditional western music maps unambiguously onto this scale makes it easier to perform such music in this tuning than in many other tunings.

19 EDO is the tuning of the syntonic temperament in which the tempered perfect fifth is equal to 694.737 cents, as shown in Figure 1 (look for the label "19 TET"). On an isomorphic keyboard, the fingering of music composed in 19 EDO is precisely the same as it is in any other syntonic tuning (such as 12 EDO), so long as the notes are “spelled properly” — that is, with no assumption that the sharp below matches the flat immediately above it (enharmonicity).

Division of the octave into 19 equal-width steps arose naturally out of Renaissance music theory. The ratio of four minor thirds to an octave (648:625 or 62.565 cents – the “greater diesis”) was almost exactly a nineteenth of an octave. Interest in such a tuning system goes back to the 16th century, when composer Guillaume Costeley used it in his chanson Seigneur Dieu ta pitié of 1558. Costeley understood and desired the circulating aspect of this tuning.

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