1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake
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| Date | June 1, 1786 |
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| Magnitude | 7.75 Mw |
| Depth | 20 km (12 mi) |
| Epicenter | 29°54′N 102°00′E / 29.9°N 102.0°ECoordinates: 29°54′N 102°00′E / 29.9°N 102.0°E |
| Areas affected | China, Sichuan |
| Max. intensity | X (Extreme) |
| Landslides | Many |
| Casualties | 435 from the earthquake and about 100,000 from the failure of the landslide dam |
The 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake occurred on 1 June 1786 in and around Kangding, in what is now China's Sichuan province. It had an estimated magnitude of about 7.75 and a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Four-hundred and thirty-five people were killed during the mainshock. After an aftershock ten days later, a further 100,000 died when a landslide dam collapsed across the Dadu river.
Sichuan lies within the complex zone of deformation associated with the continuing collision between the India Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The thickened crust of the Tibetan plateau is spreading to the east causing the southward motion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block. The eastern side of this block is bounded by the Xianshuihe fault system, a major left lateral strike-slip fault zone. Movement on this fault zone has been responsible for many major damaging earthquakes, such as the 1981 Dawu earthquake.
An isoseismal map constructed for this earthquake shows that the zone of maximum shaking was elongated in a NW-SE direction, parallel to the trace of the Xianshuihe Fault. The magnitude of 7.5–8.0 has been estimated from the extent of the intensity VIII (Severe) zone. Remote sensing techniques, backed up by a field survey, identified a 70 km long zone of surface fault rupture thought to be associated with the earthquake. The active fault segment has been identified as the Moxi Fault.
The earthquake triggered numerous landslides, one of which blocked the Dadu River, forming a temporary lake. The dam was about 70 m high, holding back an estimated water volume of about 50 million cubic metres. By 9 June the lake had started to flow over the dam and an aftershock on 10 June caused the dam to collapse suddenly, releasing the impounded water and devastating areas downstream.
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