10 cm Nebelwerfer 40

10 cm Nebelwerfer 40
Allied intelligence diagram of a 10 cm NbW 40
Type	Mortar
Place of origin	Nazi Germany
Service history
In service	1941–45
Used by	Nazi Germany
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designer	Rheinmetall
Designed	1939–40
Manufacturer	Rheinmetall
Produced	1941–42
Specifications
Weight	800 kg (1,763.6 lbs)
Barrel length	1.72 metres (5 ft 8 in) L/17.7
Shell	HE: 8.6 kg (18 lb 15 oz) Smoke: 8.9 kg (19 lb 10 oz)
Caliber	105 mm (4.13 in)
Elevation	45° to 84°
Traverse	14°
Rate of fire	8–10 rpm
Muzzle velocity	310 m/s (1,017 ft/s)
Maximum firing range	6.35 km (3.95 mi)

The 10 cm Nebelwerfer 40 (10 cm NbW 40) was a heavy mortar used by Germany during the Second World War. Much like the American M2 4.2 inch mortar it was intended to deliver chemical munitions, such as gas and smoke shells, as well as ordinary high-explosive shells. It was derived from Rheinmetall's Nebelwerfer 51 and 52 prototypes of the late Thirties which were attempts to develop a more accurate and longer-ranged mortar than the 10 cm Nebelwerfer 35. The NbW 40 is one of the better examples of German overengineering since it fired a slightly heavier bomb over twice as far as the NbW 35, but weighed almost eight times more than the earlier model.

It was an innovative breech-loading design with the wheels permanently attached to the carriage, from which it was fired, and which wasn't disassembled for transport. It replaced the NbW 35 in (German: Nebelwerfer "smoke or fog-thrower") battalions belonging to the Chemical Corps of the Heer; exactly how the American fielded their own M2s in chemical mortar battalions. It was replaced by the 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41 multiple rocket launcher from 1941.

They began to replace the 10 cm Nebelwerfer 35 mortars from late 1941 in the Nebelwerfer battalions, and were used by Gebirgs-Werfer-Abteilung (Mountain Mortar Battalion) 10 plus the first battalion of the Nebel-Lehr Regiment (Demonstration Regiment) and saw service in the North Africa, Finland and Russia.