10.4×38mm Swiss Rimfire

.41 Swiss
10.4x38mmR cartridge
Type	Rifle
Place of origin	Switzerland
Service history
Used by	Swiss Army
Production history
Produced	1869–1889
Specifications
Bullet diameter	.415 in (10.5 mm)
Neck diameter	.437 in (11.1 mm)
Shoulder diameter	.518 in (13.2 mm)
Base diameter	.540 in (13.7 mm)
Rim diameter	.630 in (16.0 mm)
Case length	1.60 in (41 mm)
Overall length	2.20 in (56 mm)
Primer type	rimfire
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy 334 gr (22 g) 1,345 ft/s (410 m/s) 1,330 ft⋅lbf (1,800 J)
Source(s): Barnes & Amber 1972

The .41 Swiss (officially the 10.4x38mm R Swiss Vetterli M69/81) is a .415 in (10.54 mm) Swiss military rimfire rifle cartridge.

In 1867, the Swiss military adopted the 10.4×38mm cartridge. As one of the few rimfire cartridges to see military service, the 313 grain bullet and 1400 fps muzzle velocity was respectable compared to its contemporaries. The most popular arms chambered for this round were the Vetterli series of rifles. This type of round was also used in the 1867 Peabody. Adopted in 1869 along with the Vetterli turn-bolt rifle, it was discontinued, along with the rifle, in 1889. With a 334 gr (21.6 g; 0.76 oz) bullet, it is "barely adequate" for deer, and only at short range.

The original round's case was made from copper which held a round nosed lead bullet. In 1871 and 1878, the paper patch was improved, but ballistic performance was only marginally improved.

A centerfire version of the round continued to be commercially available in the U.S. until 1942.