0-8-0T

0-8-0 (Eight-coupled)

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Memnon no. 57, an 0-8-0 locomotive built in 1848

Equivalent classifications UIC class D French class 040 Turkish class 44 Swiss class 4/4 Russian class 0-4-0

First known tank engine version First use 1866 Country United Kingdom Railway Great Northern Railway Designer Archibald Sturrock Builder Great Northern Railway Benefits Total mass as adhesive weight Drawbacks Instability at speed

First known tender engine version First use 1844 Country United States of America Locomotive Mud Digger class Railway Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Designer Ross Winans Builder Ross Winans Benefits Total engine mass as adhesive weight Drawbacks Instability at speed

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and no trailing wheels. Locomotives of this type are also referred to as eight coupled.

Examples of the 0-8-0 wheel arrangement were constructed both as tender and tank locomotives. The earliest locomotives were built for mainline haulage, particularly for freight, but the configuration was later also often used for large switcher (shunter) types.

The wheel arrangement provided a powerful layout with all engine weight as adhesive weight, which maximised the tractive effort and factor of adhesion. The layout was generally too large for smaller and lighter railways, where the more popular 0-6-0 wheel arrangement would often be found performing similar duties.

Two 0-8-0 locomotives were delivered from Andre Koechlin & Cie in Mulhouse to the Austrian Southern Railway in 1862. They were later sent to Italy and worked over the Apennines between Bologna and Pistoja.

In 1952, the Chrzanów works in Poland supplied 81 750mm gauge locomotives, which were later versions of the Russian P24 class. By 1958, China was building their own copies resulting in such classes as the C2, YJ, ZM-4, ZG and ZM16-4.