Α-ketoglutarate
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IUPAC name
2-Oxopentanedioic acid
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| Other names
2-Ketoglutaric acid
alpha-Ketoglutaric acid 2-Oxoglutaric acid Oxoglutaric acid |
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3D model (Jmol)
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| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.756 |
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | alpha-ketoglutaric+acid |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C5H6O5 | |
| Molar mass | 146.11 g/mol |
| Melting point | 115 °C (239 °F; 388 K) |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
α-Ketoglutaric acid is one of two ketone derivatives of glutaric acid. (The term "ketoglutaric acid," when not further qualified, almost always refers to the alpha variant. β-Ketoglutaric acid varies only by the position of the ketone functional group, and is much less common.)
Its anion, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG, also called oxo-glutarate) is an important biological compound. It is the keto acid produced by deamination of glutamate, and is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle.
The alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme converts α-Ketoglutarate and L-alanine to L-glutamate and pyruvate, respectively, as a reversible process.
α-Ketoglutarate is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, coming after isocitrate and before succinyl CoA. Anaplerotic reactions can replenish the cycle at this juncture by synthesizing α-ketoglutarate from transamination of glutamate, or through action of glutamate dehydrogenase on glutamate.
Glutamine is synthesized from glutamate by glutamine synthetase, which utilizes an ATP to form glutamyl phosphate; this intermediate is attacked by ammonia as a nucleophile giving glutamine and inorganic phosphate.
Another function is to combine with nitrogen released in the cell, therefore preventing nitrogen overload.
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