Étienne-Charles de Damas-Crux
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His Excellency Étienne-Charles de Damas-Crux KOHS GCOSL |
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Portrait engraving of Damas-Crux
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| Born |
10 February 1754 Château de Crux, Nivernais, France |
| Died | 29 May 1846 (aged 92) Paris, France |
| Allegiance |
 Kingdom of France Émigrés Army of Condé
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| Service/branch |
French Army
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| Years of service | 1770–1832 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Unit |
Ancien Régime: Regiment of Limousin (1770–1779) Regiment of Aquitaine (1779–1784) Regiment of Vexin (1784–1791) French Revolutionary Wars: Bourbon Restoration: |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards |
 Order of the Holy Spirit Order of Saint Louis
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French Revolutionary Wars:
Legion of Damas (1793–1796)
Army of Condé (1796–1801)
Bourbon Restoration:
11th Infantry Division (1815–1815)
25th Corsica Division (1815–1816)
2nd Infantry Division (1816–1832)
French Revolutionary Wars Napoleonic Wars
Étienne-Charles, duke of Damas-Crux (10 February 1754 - 29 May 1846) was a French soldier and politician.
He derived from one of France's oldest noble families, the House of Damas - he was the last son of Louis Alexandre de Damas, count of Crux (died 1763) and his wife Marie-Louise (1712-1796), daughter of François-Charles, marquis of Menou (1671-1731). He became a brigadier des armées du roi and was received into the Knights of Malta.
Étienne-Charles was born at the Château de Crux in Nivernais, the last son of Louis Alexandre de Damas, Count of Crux (died in 1763) and of Marie-Louise de Menou (1712-1796), daughter of François-Charles, Marquis of Menou (1671-1731). He was received from youth into the Order of St. John of Jerusalem but never pronounced his vows as Knight, which later permitted him to marry.
In 1799 he married Anne-Félicité-Simone (Paris, 15 January 1772 - Paris, 25 January 1848), daughter of Armand-Louis de Sérent, Duke of Sérent and Bonne Marie Félicité de Montmorency-Luxembourg, dame d'atour to Princess Élisabeth of France in 1776-92, and dame d'honneur to Marie Thérèse of France in 1799-1823.
Étienne-Charles de Damas-Crux joined the Régiment de Limousin as a second lieutenant on 22 February 1770 and rose to captain in the same regiment on 5 May 1772. He was made second in command of the Régiment d'Aquitaine on 3 October 1779 and fought with that regiment on all its campaigns in the East Indies during the American War of Independence. He was also put in command of a sepoy regiment and when one day this unit panicked and fled, Damas-Crux remained on the battlefield almost alone and was finally overrun and captured. Peace was concluded between France and Britain soon after his capture, enabling him to return to France, where he became a mestre-de-camp, commanding the Régiment de Vexin in 1784.
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