Édouard Surcouf

Édouard Surcouf (1862—1938) was a French engineer, maker and pilot of dirigibles, and industrialist.

Édouard Surcouf, an aeronautics enthusiast from an early age, made his first flight in a hot-air balloon in 1879 at the age of 17.

The following year, 1880, he started as an apprentice at the "Grands Ateliers Aérostatiques du Champ-de-Mars", the biggest aeronautic manufacturer at the end of the 19th century. He collaborated with engineers Eugène Godard, his brother Louis Godard and Gabriel Yon.

In 1889 he was named president of the School of Aeronautics. With Gabriel Yon he published a reference work, Aérostats et aérostation militaire à l'Exposition universelle de 1889 (éditions Bernard et Cie., Paris, 1889). Surcouf married Yon's daughter, who as became the first woman to gain her sporting pilot's license. He became the heir of Gabriel Yon through this marriage.

In 1889 he became the successor to his godfather (see Urania, a balloon made by the Ateliers Surcouf, Crystal Palace 1889) This new company would be a pioneer in the introduction of rubberised fabric for the construction of envelopes of dirigibles. He continued Gabriel Yon's enterprise in providing equipment for the Spanish Army.

On 27 July 1900 he was appointed Technical Instructor at the first Swiss military aérostiers training school in Geneva.

In 1902 Surcouf built his first dirigible, the Astra I, Lebaudy I, for the brothers Paul and Pierre Lebaudy (see ), designed by and nicknamed "le Jaune" ('Yellow'). The was a hydrogen-filled, cigar-shaped airship pointed or thinning at the sides, 57 metres (187 ft) long, powered by a 40 horsepower (30 kW) engine with a propellers on each side. In 1904 the industrialist Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe ordered the dirigible Le Ville de Paris (Astra II), which had a bad accident during its inaugural flight in December 1904. It was rebuilt, and Le Ville de Paris flew again in 1906.

Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe joined with Surcouf in 1908 to found the Société Astra (Société Astra de constructions aéronautiques). This new company increased production, making Wright brothers aircraft under licence and their own models such as the CM. The firm also made dirigibles, notably at Meaux and at the industrial site of Boulogne-Billancourt. Surcouf surrounded himself with aeronautical engineers, among which would become the administrator of this new industrial firm. New dirigibles appeared:

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