Plasmonic lens

In nano-optics, a plasmonic lens generally refers to a lens for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), i.e. a device that redirects SPPs to converge towards a single focal point. Because SPPs can have very small wavelength, they can converge into a very small and very intense spot, much smaller than the free space wavelength and the diffraction limit.

A simple example of a plasmonic lens is a series of concentric rings on a metal film. Any light that hits the film from free space at a 90 degree angle, known as the normal, will get coupled into a SPP (this part works like a diffraction grating coupler), and that SPP will be heading towards the center of the circles, which is the focal point. Another example is a tapered "dimple".

In 2007, a novel, or technologically new, plasmonic lens was proposed by modulating light through a metallic film with arrayed nano-slits, which have constant depth but variant widths. The slits transport electromagnetic energy in the form of SPPs in nano meter sized waveguides and provide desired phase adjustments for manipulating the beam of light. The scientists claim that it is an improvement over other subwavelength imaging techniques, such as "superlenses", where the object and image are confined to the near field.

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