Manu propria

Manu propria is a Latin phrase in the ablative case meaning "(signed) with one's own hand". In its abbreviated form (m.p.), it is sometimes used at the end of typewritten or printed documents or official notices right after the name of the person(s) who "signed" the document exactly in those cases when there is no handwritten signature there.

It is also found in several ancient documents in front of or after the writers signation at the end of the document.

Ordinary personal checks frequently include the abbreviation at the end of the signature line.

Richly decorated manu propria was frequently used by medieval dignitaries and literates to verify authenticity of hand written documents.

Later, official documents were routinely accompanied with this abbreviation, for example declaration of war on Serbia by Emperor Franz Joseph from 1914 ends with m.p..

Countries which still use "Manu propria" are:

mppria was commonly used in the 18th century. However, it was not only used for Latin documents.

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