Water supply and sanitation in Senegal
 |
|
| Data | |
|---|---|
| Water coverage (broad definition) | 75% |
| Sanitation coverage (broad definition) | 48% |
| Continuity of supply | Yes |
| Average urban water use (l/c/d) | 62 |
| Average urban water and sanitation tariff (US$/m3) | US$ 8.50/month (water only) plus US$ 1/month for sewerage |
| Share of household metering | high |
| Annual investment in WSS | US$50 million per year (1996–2006 average) or US$ 4.5/capita |
| Share of self-financing by utilities | high |
| Share of tax-financing | zero |
| high | |
| Institutions | |
| Decentralization to municipalities | No |
| National water and sanitation company | Yes |
| Water and sanitation regulator | No |
| Responsibility for policy setting | Ministère de l'Urbanisme, de l'Habitat, de l'Hydraulique urbaine, de l'Hygiène publique et de l'Assainissement |
| Sector law | No |
| No. of urban service providers | A holding company (SONES) and an operator (SDE) for water; 1 for sanitation (ONAS) |
| No. of rural service providers | 1,400 community-based groups (ASUFOR) |
Water supply and sanitation in Senegal is characterized by a relatively high level of access compared to the average of Sub-Saharan Africa. One of the interesting features is a public-private partnership (PPP) that has been operating in Senegal since 1996, with Senegalaise des Eaux (SDE), a subsidiary of , as the private partner. It does not own the water system but manages it on a 10-year lease contract with the Senegalese government. Between 1996 and 2014, water sales doubled to 131 million cubic meters per year and the number of household connections increased by 165% to more than 638,000. According to the World Bank, "the Senegal case is regarded as a model of public-private partnership in sub-Saharan Africa". Another interesting feature is the existence of a national sanitation company in charge of sewerage, wastewater treatment and stormwater drainage, which has been modeled on the example of the national sanitation company of Tunisia and is unique in Sub-Saharan Africa.
In 2015 75% of the population of Senegal had access to an at least basic water source and 48% had access to at least basic sanitation. Concerning water supply, there is a significant gap between urban areas (91%) access) and rural areas (63%). For sanitation, access rates display a same significant gap between urban (66%) and rural (35%) areas. In urban areas, 75% have access to water connections in their house or yard and another 17% rely on water kiosks and standpipes. Concerning sanitation, only 19% of the urban population are connected to sewers while another 60% are served by septic tanks or improved household-level latrines.
Source: Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF
A key data sources for these access figures is the Senegalese survey as part of the WHO's World Health Survey of 2003. The figure for access to an improved source of water in urban areas reported in the survey (92%) is somewhat lower than the figure reported by the utility SDE and subsequently quoted, among others, by the World Bank (98%).
Water supply in most cities in Dakar and most other cities in Senegal is continuous. In 1994, service was still provided 16 hours per day on average. Faced with an increasing demand from newly connected users and constraints on water resources, the private operator initially only distributed the supply interruptions more equitably among neighborhoods in Dakar. However, the average hours of supply per day were increased to 19 hours in 2001 and continuous water supply was achieved in 2006. This was facilitated by the expansion of a water pipeline from Lac de Guiers in 1999.
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