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Shipbuilding in Ukraine


Ukrainian shipbuilding industry belongs to the industry of engineering. Enterprises of this industry build and repair all types of ships (cargo, passenger, fishing, military,etc.) and other floating structures.

Ukrainian shipbuilding actively began to develop in times of Cossacks, when Cossacks began to make sea trips.

The most popular ships were gulls (small ship) and large single mast ship. Since the sea was controlled by the Ottoman Empire, so shipbuilding developed near the Dnipro river, because wood was a main material for shipbuilding.

One seagull was building within half a month more than 60 persons. Technology of shipbuilding, which knew all Cossacks, was not too difficult.The bottom boats were made of willow or linden. The vessel's hull were making from oak planks. On the nose and aft built something like cabins. In this place provisions, ammunition and weapons were keeping. At the end of each boat a rudder was located, so a seagull could change course on 180 degrees at any moment. At the centre of the deck the mast with sails was fixed, on both sides of the boat were from 20 to 40 oars. These ships were very maneuverable. The length of the boat was from 15 to 22 meters, the height was about 4 meters and the width - 6 meters. The boat could take on board about 40-60 Cossacks.

In Ukraine, the first shipyard for construction of warships was built in 1788 in Mykolaiv. In 1862 in Kiev based building company, which later turned into a shipyard. In the years 1895-1897 were built two shipyards in Mykolaiv. In Ukraine, there were seven shipbuildings and ship-repair enterprises in 1913 (in Mykolaiv, Kherson, Odessa, etc.). Shipbuilding in Ukraine was developed in 1920-30-s; from 1928 till 1929 it was producing 14% of total engineering production and its weight increased in the USSR. Also, there were built many new factories and old factories were reconstructed.

After the World War II there was a second rebuilding and reconstruction of destroyed factories and building new ones.

In the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic major shipbuilding companies were located in Mykolaiv, Odessa, Kherson, Kiev; smaller companies were located in Sevastopol, Zhdanov, Kerch; outside the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - in Tahanrih, Novorossiysk, Tuapse; river shiprepair companies in Zaporizhia, Dnipro, Kiliya, Pinsk and others. The largest plants are Black Sea Shipyard in Mykolaiv, Kherson Shipyard and Leninska Kuznia in Kiev. Black Sea Shipyard was formed in 1907 as a result of combining the two shipyards. This shipyard produces ocean vessels, tankers and dry cargo vessels. Also, by 1914 it was built the first world underwater barrage "Crab" and the first one in the Russian Empire turbine destroyers. From 1957 to 1961 were built whaling bases "Soviet Ukraine" and "Soviet Russia" with a displacement of more than 20000 tons. Kherson Shipyard was built from 1951 to 1953. This Shipyard produces ocean vessels, river boats, ships, etc. Leninska Kuznia Plant was founded in 1862, as an engineering enterprise, but in 1913 was turned into a shipyard. Leninska Kuznia produces river vessels, sea fishing trawlers and others.


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