Second Sudanese War

Second Sudanese Civil War
Part of the
Guerrilla forces of the Sudan People's Liberation Army celebrate over a disabled tank.
Date 5 June 1983 – 9 January 2005 (21 years, 7 months and 4 days) Location Blue Nile, Nuba Mountains, Southern Sudan Result Stalemate Comprehensive Peace Agreement Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement Independence of the Republic of South Sudan following a 2011 referendum Sudan–SPLM-N conflict
Belligerents
Sudan Armed Forces PDF Janjaweed SSDF SPLA-Nasir Nuer White Army Army of Peace LRA Non-combat aid:  Iran	SPLA SPLA-Torit SPDF ALF SSLM Anyanya II Eastern Coalition Combat aid:  Uganda (from 1995)  Ethiopia (1997)  Eritrea (1996-1998)
Commanders and leaders
Gaafar Nimeiry Suwar al-Dahab Sadiq al-Mahdi Omar al-Bashir	John Garang Salva Kiir Mayardit Dominic Dim Deng Riek Machar Peter Par Jiek Peter Gadet
Casualties and losses
1–2 million dead (mostly civilians, due to starvation and drought)

Stalemate

Sudan

SPLA

The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and Blue Nile. It lasted for 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan six years after the war ended.

Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine and disease caused by the conflict. Four million people in southern Sudan were displaced at least once (and normally repeatedly) during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by a large number of human rights violations. These include slavery and mass killings.

The Sudanese war is often characterized as a fight between the central government expanding and dominating peoples of the periphery, raising allegations of marginalization. Kingdoms and great powers based along the Nile River have fought against the people of inland Sudan for centuries. Since at least the 18th century, central governments have attempted to regulate and exploit the undeveloped southern and inland Sudan.

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