Pathe Kok

28 mm film was introduced by the Pathé Film Company in 1912 under the name Pathé Kok. Geared toward the home market, 28 mm utilized diacetate rather than the flammable nitrate commonly used in 35 mm. The film gauge was deliberately chosen such that it would be uneconomical to slit 35 mm nitrate film.

Pathé in France and later Victor in the United States printed reduction prints (usually, although not always, abridged) of popular films for home rental, designed to be used in Pathéscope Cinematograph or Victor Animatograph projectors. World War I stopped European production of 28 mm. It continued in North America until 1920 before ceasing entirely. Shortly after, 9.5 mm and 16 mm would take the amateur film gauge role 28 mm had once filled.

Main article Pathé Frères

Pathé Frères was founded by brothers Charles and Émile Pathé. The company had two divisions, a phonograph and a cinema portion, which were established in 1894 and 1896 respectively. Within fifteen years of its establishment Pathé Frères was arguably the largest entertainment company in the world. Their phonograph materials were available at prices that the general public could afford. The phonograph division along with the film industries of the company allowed Pathé Frères to become an international company with offices in Russia and the USA. They had purchased all the rights to the films of George Méliès as well as the Lumiere Brothers' cine camera/projector patents within the first decade of the twentieth century. Pathé created an improved studio camera that ruled the market in Europe and America as well as making his own film stock. In 1902 Pathé Frères opened a production facility at Vincennes where they made films in large numbers. In 1906 Pathé Frères began to market themselves to the upper-class society in France by building the world’s first luxury cinema, the Omnia-Pathé. About two years later they began trying to bring cinema into the home of those who were visiting their cinema.

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