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Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev

Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev
Мұхаметжан Тынышбайұлы
Muxametjan Tınışbayulı
Tynyshpayev M.jpg
Born (1879-05-12)12 May 1879
Lepsinsk uezd, Semirechensk oblast, Russian Empire
Died after November 1937
Tashkent, Soviet Union
Nationality Kazakh
Occupation turkologist, political activist, member of Alash Orda
Movement Alash Orda and Kokand Autonomy
Spouse(s) Gulbakhram Shalymbekova (d. 1923 of cholera), Aziza Shalymbekova, Amina Tynyshpaeva

Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev (Kazakh: Мұхаметжан Тынышбайұлы, Muxametjan Tınışbayulı; Russian: Мухамеджан Тынышпаев) (May 12, 1879 - after November 21, 1937) was a Kazakh engineer, activist, and intellectual. He surveyed and engineered the railways of Russian Central Asia, while also active in the young political newspapers of the region. Through his work, he became known as a political activist, ethnographer, and historian.

Tynyshpaev was born in what is today the region of Almaty, in the rural area of Lepsinsk, near the Lepsi River, not far from the current border of China. His father, Tynyshbai, was a minor official in the region. Because of his position, Tynyshbai was able to send the young Tynyshpaev to Verniy (present day Almaty) to attend the all-male Gymnasium on a stipend provided by the Governor-General. With a great and constant interest, he began to study Russian history and the history of Russian literature and culture, in particular, soon he turned out to be equally capable of studying mathematics and other languages, including ancient languages. Tynyshpaev studied from 1889 until his graduation in 1900, excelling in mathematics, languages, literature, and history. After finishing school and thanks to a strong letter of recommendation from his school principal, he left for St. Petersburg to continue his studies. He enrolled at the Imperial Institute of Railway Transport in St. Petersburg, where the Tsarist government funded him with a stipend and living allowance. Despite not being a member of the Kazakh nobility, his education allowed him to work and write in the same circles as some members of the Constitutional Democratic Party (informally known as the Kadets). ,

Before graduating, in the winter of 1905-1906, his actions among the young Kadets had earned the attention of the government. Tynyshpaev intended to return home to the Almaty region as usual for the holidays, but received a warning that he would be arrested upon his arrival. He remained in St. Petersburg and evaded arrest.


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