Low dead space syringe

A Low dead space syringe is a type of syringe with a design that seeks to limit dead space that exists between the syringe hub and needle.

The difference between high and low dead space syringes is determined by the average quantity of fluid that cannot be expelled from the device. Although no set standard for the designation for low dead space syringes and needles it is the convention to designate any needle or syringe design that deviates from the standard needle and syringe design as low dead space if this new design yields a lower dead space.

As opposed to low dead space syringes, high dead space syringes are conventional needle and syringe designs. The term "high dead space" refers to the fluid remaining within the needle and between the syringe hub and the plunger. This space can be as high as 84 micro liters in conventional syringes. Conventional high dead space syringes have existed since the mass production of plastic syringes with removable needles in 1961.

However, there are problems associated with the dead space in syringes: medication waste, disease transmission, and inaccurate dosing

The first hypodermic needle was first used by Dr. Alexander Wood and immediately efforts were made to improve the design. It was not until 1954, with the need for massive syringe distribution of Dr. Salk's polio vaccine, that the first disposable syringes were created. Initially made of glass, in 1961 plastic disposable syringes became available. The advent of the first low dead space syringe occurred with the creation of 1-ml syringes designed specifically for the administration of insulin. Then amongst the scare of HIV and rising concern of other communicable diseases to healthcare workers the creation of safety syringes occurred in 1988. As of the last few years new designs have emerged that work on a needle that is low dead space and fits onto and transforms high dead space syringes into low dead space syringes. One design achieves this by creating a plunger that inserts itself into the syringe neck to expel as much fluid as possible from the syringe body, thus reducing the amount of space available within the neck.

This was the first syringe that is considered Low dead space. Initially created with low dead space for accurate measuring and mixing of fast and slow acting insulin which had the added benefit of wasting as little of the expensive drug as possible. An attached short and small gauge needle was also designed into the syringe to prevent the needle from detaching during administration of insulin and decrease pain from frequent injections.

Currently, the design of the low dead space needle incorporates a plastic neck that fits within the neck of a standard syringe hub.

This design is accomplished by using a standard syringe body with an extended plunger that inserts into the neck of the syringe body to expel more fluid from the syringe.

...
Wikipedia