Bear spray

Bear spray is a type of pepper spray or capsaicin deterrent that is used to deter aggressive bears, typically in wilderness environments.

Bear spray typically contains higher levels (typically 1–2%) of major capsaicinoids (the key active ingredients) than pepper sprays intended for self-defense against human assailants (typically 0.2–1.3%).

Studies suggest that bear spray is effective at reducing the risk of injury or death in these situations. While bear spray can be effective, authorities stress that proper bear-awareness and avoidance techniques are the best ways to minimize injuries due to human–bear conflict.

A 2008 "Efficacy of Bear Deterrent Spray in Alaska" study stated:

Mark Matheny claims to have developed the first capsaicin product designed specifically for use against bears following a 1992 near-lethal encounter with a bear which he survived using standard pepper spray. After the attack, he became determined to develop a pepper spray that would work more effectively against bears by increasing the potency, range, and duration of the deterrent.

Bear spray is intended to be used to deter an aggressive or charging bear. A user points the canister at an aggressive bear and sprays the contents for 2–3 seconds. Distance will vary depending on the manufacturer of the spray.

Using the spray improperly can have undesirable effects. Because the deterrent effect depends on the bear receiving a concentrated dose of spray, using bear spray on objects or clothing is not effective, and can actually attract bears.

Because spray canisters are pressurized and contain hazardous contents, they must be stored in cool temperatures and handled with care. They can explode from overheating if left on a car dashboard. A typical can of bear spray costs about US$$40 to $50. Bear spray is available to rent in some tourist destinations, such as Glacier National Park and Yellowstone National Park.

All bear sprays must be registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Cans are labeled "for deterring attacks by bears." The EPA registration number is displayed on the front label. The active ingredient is on the label and is 1% to 2% Capsaicin and related Capsaicinoids. Keep bear spray in sleeping, cooking and toilet areas of a camp. Keep the can in easy reach. Check that the expiration date on each can and verify that it has not expired.

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Wikipedia