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Ahmad Sanjar

Ahmad Sanjar
Sultan Sanjar mausoleum.jpg
Ruler of Khorasan
Reign 1097-1118
Predecessor Arslan-Argun
Successor Kara-Khitan conquest
Sultan of the Seljuq Empire
Reign 1118-1157
Predecessor Muhammad I
Successor None
Born 1085
Sinjar
Died 8 May 1157
Marv
Consort Turkan Khatun
Rusudan Khatun
Issue Mah-i Mulk Khatun
Amir Sitti Khatun
Gouhar Neseb Khatun
Full name
Laqab: Muizz ad-Din (shortly), Adud ad-Dawlah
Kunya: Abul-Harith
Given name: Ahmad
Turkic nickname: Sanjar
House House of Seljuq
Father Malik-Shah I
Religion Sunni Islam
Full name
Laqab: Muizz ad-Din (shortly), Adud ad-Dawlah
Kunya: Abul-Harith
Given name: Ahmad
Turkic nickname: Sanjar

Ahmad Sanjar (Persian: احمد سنجر; full name: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah) (b. 1085 – d. 8 May 1157) was the Seljuq ruler of Khorasan from 1097 until in 1118 when he became the Sultan of the Seljuq Empire, which he ruled as until his death in 1157. Sanjar was born, probably in 479/1086, in Sinjār, a town located in the borderland between Syria and the Jazira. Although primary sources state that he was named after his birthplace (Rāvandi, p. 185; Ebn al-Jawzi, XVIII, p. 161) Bosworth notes Sanjar is a Turkic name, denoting "he who pierces", "he who thrusts".

He was a son of Malik Shah I and participated in wars of succession against his three brothers and an uncle, namely Mahmud I, Barkiyaruq, Malik Shah II and Muhammad I. In 1096, he was given the province of Khorasan to govern under his brother Muhammad I. Over the next several years Ahmed Sanjar became the ruler of most of Iran (Persia) with his capital at Nishapur. A number of rulers revolted against him and continued the split of the Great Seljuq Empire that had started upon dynastic wars. In 1102, he repulsed an invasion from Kashgaria, killing Jibrail Arslan Khan near Termez. In 1107, he invaded the domains of the Ghurid ruler Izz al-Din Husayn and captured him, but later released him in return for tribute.


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