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ASHRAE 90.1


ASHRAE 90.1 (Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings) is a US standard that provides minimum requirements for energy efficient designs for buildings except for low-rise residential buildings. The original standard, ASHRAE 90, was published in 1975. There have been multiple editions to it since. In 1999, the Board of Directors for ASHRAE voted to place the standard on continuous maintenance, based on rapid changes in energy technology and energy prices. This allows it to be updated multiple times in a year. The standard was renamed ASHRAE 90.1 in 2001. It has since been updated in 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016 to reflect newer and more efficient technologies.

In general, there are two means, or paths for building designers to comply with ASHRAE 90.1:

Within the sections of the standard, there are some variations to this. Some sections have mandatory provisions, simplified approaches, or trade-off opportunities.

ASHRAE 90.1 includes prescriptive requirements for the following:

In the performance approach, a baseline Energy Cost Budget (ECB) is established, based on the building size and program. This baseline ECB is established using building energy simulation to model a building with the same size and program as the project building, built according to the prescriptive requirements of ASHRAE 90.1 (sections 5-10). The ECB is expressed in units of dollars.

A building energy simulation is then performed on the proposed building design. The proposed energy cost budget must be less than or equal to the baseline energy cost budget to achieve compliance.

The performance approach is also used to demonstrate design energy efficiency, often expressed as percent better than ASHRAE Standard 90.1. Building designs will stated their performance as "40% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007" or "20% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2010". Percent improvement over ASHRAE 90.1 is the basis for awarding energy points within the LEED rating system.

Many states apply ASHRAE 90.1 to buildings being constructed or under renovation. Most states apply the standard or equivalent standards for all commercial buildings. Others apply the standard or equivalent standards for all government buildings. There are some states that use other energy conservation standards for all commercial buildings and some other states that use a combination of the ASHRAE 90.1 standard for all government buildings and use other energy conservation standards for their commercial buildings. A few states do not apply any energy conservation standards for their government and commercial buildings.


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