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Wakkanai, Hokkaido

Wakkanai
稚内市
City
View of Wakkanai from Wakkanai Park
View of Wakkanai from Wakkanai Park
Flag of Wakkanai
Flag
Official seal of Wakkanai
Seal
Location of Wakkanai in Hokkaido Prefecture, highlighted in pink
Location of Wakkanai in Hokkaido Prefecture, highlighted in pink
Wakkanai is located in Japan
Wakkanai
Wakkanai
 
Coordinates: 45°24′56.4″N 141°40′23″E / 45.415667°N 141.67306°E / 45.415667; 141.67306Coordinates: 45°24′56.4″N 141°40′23″E / 45.415667°N 141.67306°E / 45.415667; 141.67306
Country Japan
Region Hokkaido
Prefecture Hokkaido
Government
 • Mayor Hiroshi Kudo (since May 2011)
Area
 • Total 760.80 km2 (293.75 sq mi)
Population (September 30, 2016)
 • Total 35,675
 • Density 48.65/km2 (126.0/sq mi)
Time zone Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
- Tree Sakura, rowan
- Flower Rosa rugosa
Phone number 0162-23-6161
Address 3-13-15 Chūō, Wakkanai-shi, Hokkaido 097-8686
Website www.city.wakkanai.hokkaido.jp

Wakkanai (稚内市 Wakkanai-shi?, Ainu: ヤㇺワッカナイYam-wakka-nay meaning "cold water river")) is a city located in Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital of Sōya Subprefecture and the northernmost city in Japan. It contains Japan's northernmost point, Cape Soya, from which the Russian island of Sakhalin can be seen.

As of October 2013, the city has an estimated population of 37,011 and a population density of 48.65 persons per km² (126 persons per mi²). The total area is 760.80 km2 (293.75 sq mi).

Wakkanai was originally home to an Ainu population. The first Japanese settlement was established in 1685.

During WW II: The Imperial Japanese Navy used the harbor and port as a submarine base. Wakkanai was far enough north to be outside the range of American heavy bombers and was safe from air attack. Until the early to mid-1960s, the northern portion of the harbor remained divided by concrete sub-mooring pens. The large breakwater structure (which still exists) was actually a sub-repair facility. At the shore end there was a huge winching mechanism capable of hauling subs up into the partially enclosed structure where they could be repaired while completely out of the water. Built into the hills above the city there were several reinforced concrete bunker-type caves where (anecdotally) they were used either to store ammunition and armament, or as air raid shelters for the civilian populace. History would suggest the former use, rather than the latter. During a re-build/renovation of the harbor sometime during the 1960s or 1970s, the harbor was cleared of the concrete pens and the machinery was removed from the breakwater structure which was reconfigured.


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