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Vogel Conflict Test


The Vogel Conflict Test (VCT) is a conflict based experimental method primarily used in pharmacology. It is used to determine anxiolytic properties of drugs. The VCT predicts drugs that can manage generalized anxiety disorders and acute anxiety states.

Suppressing behaviour through punishment is commonly used to determine the anxiolytic properties of drugs. During the VCT, animals are punished by electrical shocks when trying to get either food or water. Therefore the number of times the animal goes to get food or water decreases. When anxiolytic drugs are injected, the number of times animals go up to get food or water increases, even though the animal will still punished.

Experiments are done in a mouse operant conditioning chamber. Conditioning chambers are used to train animals to do simple tasks such as pulling a lever or pushing a button. The animals can be rewarded or punished for doing these tasks.

The original method by VCT included 48 hours of water deprivation and then a mild electrical shock every 20 licks when finally given water. Modern versions of the test are less severe. Water deprivation is 18 hours or water is provided for 1 hour a day for four days before beginning the test. Electrical shock is only given for a 3-5 minute time period.

The VCT can be done with food deprivation too. Before beginning the test animals must be acclimated to the cage and food pellets. The conditioning chamber must be checked to ensure everything is in working order. On Day 1 animals are placed in the conditioning chamber. Whenever the animal pulls the lever, a food pellet will drop. This takes place for 8 hours. Then the animal is placed back in its cage. Any animal that is unable to eat 15 or more food pellets is either removed from the experiment or receives further training,

In Day 2 the animal is injected with saline and then placed back into the conditioning chamber. It is placed there and observed for 1 hour. On Day 3 animals are injected with the agent being tested. They are divided into two groups. One group is taken one by one and placed in the chamber. When they push the lever, they will receive a mild electrical shock. The other group is also placed in the apparatus but does not receive an electrical shock when they push the lever.

The group that is injected with the agent but not shocked sets a baseline for the experiment. Dose dependent responses can be tested using the baseline.

Following long term administration of the agent, animals should be observed to determine any potential rebound or withdrawal effects.


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