Vitamin B1

Thiamine

Skeletal formula and ball-and-stick model of the cation in thiamine
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˈθaɪ.əmᵻn/ THY-ə-min
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Pregnancy category	US: A (No risk in human studies)
Routes of administration	by mouth, IV, IM
Drug class	vitamin
ATC code	A11DA01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: OTC
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	3.7% to 5.3%
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol
Synonyms	Vitamin B1, aneurine, thiamin
CAS Number	70-16-6
PubChem CID	1130
DrugBank	DB00152
ChemSpider	1098
UNII	X66NSO3N35
KEGG	C00378
ChEBI	CHEBI:18385
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1547
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.387
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H17N4OS+
Molar mass	265.35 g mol−1
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES Cc1c(sc[n+]1Cc2cnc([nH]c2=N)C)CCO
InChI InChI=1S/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1  Y Key:JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B₁, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent thiamine deficiency and disorders that result from it, including beriberi, Korsakoff's syndrome, and Korsakoff's psychosis. Other uses include maple syrup urine disease and Leigh's disease. It is taken by mouth or by injection.

Side effects are generally few. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis may occur. Thiamine is in the B complex family. It is needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates. As people are unable to make it, thiamine is an essential nutrient. Food sources include whole grains, meat, and fish.

Thiamine was discovered in 1897, isolated in 1926, and first made in 1936. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Thiamine is available as a generic medication and over the counter. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 2.17 USD per one gm vial. In the United States a month of replacement is less than 25 USD. Some countries require its addition to certain foods such as grains.