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Uniform Resource Name


In computing, a Uniform Resource Name (URN) is the historical name for a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uses the urn scheme. A URI is a string of characters used to identify a name of a web resource. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the web resource over a network, typically the World Wide Web, using specific .

Defined in 1997 in RFC 2141, URNs were intended to serve as persistent, location-independent identifiers, allowing the simple mapping of namespaces into a single URN namespace. The existence of such a URI does not imply availability of the identified resource, but such URIs are required to remain globally unique and persistent, even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable.

Since RFC 3986 in 2005, the use of the term has been deprecated in favor of the less-restrictive "URI", a view proposed by a joint working group between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Both URNs and Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) are URIs, and a particular URI may be a name as well as a locator at the same time.

URNs were originally intended in the 1990s to be part of a three-part information architecture for the Internet, along with URLs and Uniform Resource Characteristics (URCs), a metadata framework. However, URCs never progressed past the conceptual stage, and other technologies such as the Resource Description Framework later took their place.


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