Tula, Russia
| Tula (English) Тула (Russian) |
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 Tula Kremlin |
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.svg) Location of Tula Oblast in Russia |
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 Tula
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| Administrative status (as of June 2014) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Tula Oblast |
| Administratively subordinated to | Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction |
| Administrative center of | Tula Oblast, Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction |
| Municipal status (as of June 2014) | |
| Urban okrug | Tula Urban Okrug |
| Administrative center of | Tula Urban Okrug |
| Mayor | Yuri Tskipuri |
| Representative body | City Duma |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 153.52 km2 (59.27 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census) | 501,169 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 37th |
| Density | 3,265/km2 (8,460/sq mi) |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| First mentioned | 1146 (disputed) |
| Postal code(s) | 300000–300999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4872 |
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Tula (Russian: Тула; IPA: [ˈtulə]) is an industrial city and the administrative center of Tula Oblast, Russia, located 193 kilometers (120 mi) south of Moscow, on the Upa River. Population: 501,169 (2010 Census);481,216 (2002 Census);539,980 (1989 Census).
The name of the city is of pre-Russian, probably Baltic, origin.
Tula was first mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle in 1146. As the chronicle was written in the 16th century, the date is disputed. The first confirmed mention of Tula dates to 1382.
In the Middle Ages, Tula was a minor fortress at the border of the Principality of Ryazan. As soon as it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a brick citadel, or kremlin, was constructed in 1514–1521. It was a key fortress of the Great Abatis Belt and successfully resisted a siege by the Tatars in 1552. In 1607, Ivan Bolotnikov and his supporters seized the citadel and withstood a four-months siege by the Tsar's army. In the 18th century, some parts of the kremlin walls were demolished. Despite its archaic appearance, the five-domed Assumption Cathedral in the kremlin was built as late as 1764.
In 1712, Tula was visited by Peter the Great, who commissioned the Demidov blacksmiths to build the first armament factory in Russia. Several decades later, Tula was turned by the Demidovs into the greatest ironworking center of Eastern Europe. The oldest museum in the city, showcasing the history of weapons, was inaugurated by the Demidovs in 1724, and Nicholas-Zaretsky Church in the city houses their family vault. The first factory to produce samovars industrially was also established there in the course of the 18th century. After the Demidovs moved the center of their manufacture to the Urals, Tula continued as a center of heavy industry, particularly in the manufacture of matériel.
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