Triệu Thị Trinh
| Lady Trieu | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Triệu Ẩu |
| Born | 225 |
| Died | 248 (aged 22–23) |
| Lady Trieu | |
| Vietnamese name | |
|---|---|
| Vietnamese | Bà Triệu |
| Hán-Nôm | (Triệu Ẩu) |
Lady Triệu (Vietnamese: Bà Triệu, Sino-Vietnamese: 趙嫗 Triệu Ẩu; 225–248) was a female warrior in 3rd century Vietnam who managed, for a time, to successfully resist the Chinese state of Eastern Wu during its occupation of Vietnam. She is also called Triệu Thị Trinh, although her actual given name is unknown. She is quoted as saying, "I'd like to ride storms, kill sharks in the open sea, drive out the aggressors, reconquer the country, undo the ties of serfdom, and never bend my back to be the concubine of whatever man." She has also been called the Vietnamese Joan of Arc.
In Vietnam, Lady Trieu is most commonly called Bà Triệu, but also Triệu Ẩu (趙嫗), Triệu Trinh Nương (趙貞娘), and Triệu Thị Trinh (趙氏貞). Chinese records do not mention Lady Trieu, the only mention comes in Vietnamese sources. There are two late Vietnamese compilations that mention her by name. One is the official Lê dynasty history, Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (1479), and other is the official Nguyễn dynasty history, Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (1871). Both sources give her name as Triệu Ẩu (). This translates to Bà Triệu in modern Vietnamese, and to "Lady Trieu" in English. The given name "Thị Trinh" first appears only in Việt Nam sử lược ("Outline History of Vietnam") (1920) by Trần Trọng Kim. Many cities in Vietnam have a street named Bà Triệu in her honor.
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (大越史記全書 Complete annals of Great Viet), written during the Lê dynasty, said the following about Lady Trieu:
The Mậu Thìn year, [248], (11th year of Hán Diên Hy (Han Yanxi (延熙)); 11th year of Xích Ô (Chiwu (赤烏))). The people of Cửu Chân (Jiuzhen (九真)) again attacked citadels, the prefecture was in rebellion. The Wu king appointed the “Hành Dương” Imperial Secretist Lục Dận [Lu Yin] (some books say Lục Thương) to Inspector of Jiaozhou. Dận arrived, used the people's respect for him to call them to lay down arms, people surrendered, numbering more than 30,000 households, and the prefecture was once again peaceful. Afterwards, a woman from the Cửu Chân commandery named Triệu Ẩu assembled people and attacked several commanderies (Ẩu has breasts 3 thước [1.2 m] long, tied them behind her back, often rides elephants to fight). Dận was able to subdue [her]. (Giao Chỉ records only write: In the mountains of Cửu Chân commandery there is a woman with the surname Triệu, with breasts 3 thước long, unmarried, assembled people and robbed the commanderies, usually wearing yellow tunics, feet wearing shoes with curved fronts, and fights while sitting on an elephant's head, becoming an immortal after she dies).
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