Tewfik Pasha
| Tewfik Pasha | |
|---|---|
| Khedive of Egypt and Sudan | |
 |
|
| Reign | 1879–1892 |
| Predecessor | Ismail Pasha |
| Successor | Malik Muhammad Abbas Hilmi Sheikh Abdul Hamid Amir Ghulam Ali Mirza Khan Pasha |
| Born |
15 November 1852 Cairo |
| Died | 7 January 1892 (aged 39) Helwan |
| Spouse | Emina Ilhamy |
| Issue | HH Princess Nazli bint Muhammed Hanım HH Abbas II Hilmi Bey HH Prince Muhammed Ali Bey HH Princess Hadice Hanım HH Princess Nimetallah Muhammed Hanım |
| Dynasty | Muhammad Ali Dynasty |
| Father | Ismail Pasha |
| Mother | Princess Shafiq-Nur |
Muhammed Tewfik Pasha (Arabic: محمد توفيق باشا, Turkish: Muhammed Tevfik Paşa; April 30 or November 15, 1852 – January 7, 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Egypt and the Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.
He was the eldest son of Khedive Ismail, and was born on November 15, 1852. His mother was Princess Shafiq-Nur. He was not sent to Europe to be educated like his younger brothers, but grew up in Egypt.
In 1866 Ismail succeeded in his endeavor to alter the order of succession to the Khedivate of Egypt. The title, instead of passing to the eldest living male descendant of Muhammad Ali, was now to descend from father to son. Ismail sought this alteration mainly because he disliked his uncle, Halim Pasha, who was his heir-presumptive, and he had imagined that he would be able to select whichever of his sons he pleased for his successor. But he found, after the change had been made, that the Great Powers (Britain, Germany, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire) interpreted the new arrangement as applying strictly to the eldest son. Tewfik therefore became heir-apparent. He was given a palace near Cairo to live in, and for twelve years he passed an uneventful life, farming, and establishing a reputation for good sense and fair dealing with his fellow tenants.
In Cairo on 15 January 1873 he married Princess Emina Ilhamy (Constantinople, 24 May 1858 – Bebek, Bosphorus, 19 June 1931), daughter of Damad Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha (3 January 1836 – Constantinople, 9 September 1860), and wife Nazrin Kadin (d. 1884).
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