Synedrion

A synedrion or synhedrion (Greek: συνέδριον, "sitting together", hence "assembly" or "council"; Hebrew: סנהדרין‎‎, sanhedrin) is an assembly that holds formal sessions. The Latinized form is synedrium.

Depending on the widely varied constitutions, it applied to diverse representative or judiciary organs of Greek and Hellenistic city-states and treaty organisations.

Synedrion was adopted by Hellenistic Jews and corrupted into Aramaic as sanhedrin, actually in full sanhedrin (gedola) "(great) council" in Late Hebrew. It was further corrupted to sanhedrim as a false correction when the Greek word was taken into Mishnaic Hebrew, where -in is a form of the plural suffix of which -im is the more exact form), for the high council of the Jewish nation after its state had been reduced by the Roman empire to vassalitic puppet states under tetrarchs, see Iudaea province, but was itself abolished in 70 AD after Titus' destruction of Jerusalem and reconvened in Yavne.

The supreme body of Alexander the Great's empire was also called "Synedrion". The Council was a small group formed among some of the most eminent Macedonians, chosen by the king to assist him in the government of the kingdom. As such it was not a representative assembly, but notwithstanding that on certain occasions it could be expanded with the admission of representatives of the cities and of the civic corps of the kingdom.

The Council primarily exerted a probouleutic function with respect to the Assembly: it prepared and proposed the decisions which the Assembly would have discussed and voted, working in many fields such as the designation of kings and regents, as of that of the high administrators and the declarations of war. It was also the first and the last authority for all the cases which did not involve capital punishment. Inside the Council ruled the democratic principles of isegoria (equality of word) and of parrhesia (freedom of speech), to which the king subjects himself like the other members.

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