Supreme Court of India
| Supreme Court of India | |
|---|---|
| भारत का सर्वोच्च न्यायालय | |
Seal of the Supreme Court
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| Established | 1 October 1937 (Federal Court of India) (former) 26 January 1950 (present) |
| Country | India |
| Location | Bhagwan Das Road, Tilak Marg, New Delhi, India, 110001 |
| Coordinates | 28°37′20″N 77°14′23″E / 28.622237°N 77.239584°ECoordinates: 28°37′20″N 77°14′23″E / 28.622237°N 77.239584°E |
| Motto | यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः॥ (Yato dharmas tato jayah) Whence law (dharma), thence victory. (Sanskrit) |
| Composition method | Collegium System |
| Authorized by | Constitution of India |
| Judge term length | 65 years of age |
| No. of positions |
Sanctioned strength= 31(30+1) Actual present strength= 28(27+1) |
| Website | supremecourtofindia.nic.in |
| Chief Justice of India | |
| Currently | J. S. Khehar |
Sanctioned strength= 31(30+1)
The Supreme Court of India (Hindi: भारत का सर्वोच्च न्यायालय) is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
As the final court of appeal of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the High Courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles disputes between various governments in the country. As an advisory court, it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the Constitution by the President of India. It also may take cognisance of matters on its own (or 'suo moto'), without anyone drawing its attention to them. The law declared by the Supreme Court becomes binding on all courts within India.
==History==
In 1861 the Indian High Courts Act 1861 was enacted to create High Courts for various provinces and abolished Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay and also the Sadar Adalats in Presidency towns which had acted as the highest court in their respective regions. These new High Courts had the distinction of being the highest Courts for all cases till the creation of Federal Court of India under the Government of India Act 1935. The Federal Court had jurisdiction to solve disputes between provinces and federal states and hear appeal against judgements of the High Courts.
The Supreme Court of India came into being on 28 January 1950. It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system.
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