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South Holland

South Holland
Zuid-Holland
Province of the Netherlands
Flag of South Holland
Flag
Coat of arms of South Holland
Coat of arms
Motto: "Vigilate Deo confidentes" (Latin)
"Watch, trusting in God"
Anthem: "Lied van Zuid-Holland" (Dutch)
"Song of South Holland"
Location of South Holland in the Netherlands
Location of South Holland in the Netherlands
Coordinates: 52°00′N 4°40′E / 52.000°N 4.667°E / 52.000; 4.667Coordinates: 52°00′N 4°40′E / 52.000°N 4.667°E / 52.000; 4.667
Country Netherlands
Established 1840 (split-up of Holland)
Capital The Hague
Largest city Rotterdam
Government
 • King's Commissioner Jaap Smit (CDA)
Area
 • Land 2,818 km2 (1,088 sq mi)
 • Water 585 km2 (226 sq mi)
Area rank 5th nationally
Population (1 January 2015)
 • Land 3,600,784
 • Rank 1st nationally
 • Density 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
 • Density rank 1st nationally
ISO 3166 code NL-ZH
GDP (nominal) 2015
 - Total €144 billion/ USD 159 billion
 - Per capita €40,000/ USD 44,000
Website www.zuid-holland.nl

South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˈzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt]) is a province in the midwestern Netherlands. It has a population of just over 3.6 million (as of 2015) and a population density of about 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,403 km2 (1,314 sq mi), of which 585 km2 (226 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam.

Archaeological discoveries in Hardinxveld-Giessendam indicate that the area of South Holland has been inhabited since at least ca. 7,500 years before present, probably by nomadic hunter-gatherers. Agriculture and permanent settlements probably originated around 2,000 years later, based on excavations near Vlaardingen. In the classical antiquity, South Holland was part of the Roman Province of Germania Inferior, and the border of the Roman Empire ran along the Old Rhine and reached the North Sea near Katwijk. The Romans built fortresses along the border, such as Praetorium Agrippinae near modern-day Valkenburg, Matilo near modern-day Leiden, and Albaniana near modern-day Alphen aan den Rijn. A city was founded near modern-day Voorburg, Forum Hadriani. It was built according to the grid plan, and facilitated a square, a court, a bathhouse and several temples.


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