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Sixth Crusade

Sixth Crusade
Part of the Crusades
Al-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik and Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor.jpg
Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right).
Date 1228–1229
Location Cyprus, Near East
Result Diplomatic Crusader victory.
Territorial
changes
Jerusalem, Nazareth, Sidon, Jaffa and Bethlehem relinquished to Crusaders.
Belligerents

Holy Roman Empire and allies

Ayyubids Kingdom of Cyprus
Ibelin
Commanders and leaders
Frederick II
Hermann von Salza
Al-Kamil Henry I
John of Ibelin

Holy Roman Empire and allies

The Sixth Crusade started in 1228 as an attempt to regain Jerusalem. It began seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade and involved very little actual fighting. The diplomatic maneuvering of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II, resulted in the Kingdom of Jerusalem regaining some control over Jerusalem for much of the ensuing fifteen years (1229–39, 1241–44) as well as over other areas of the Holy Land.

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, had involved himself broadly in the Fifth Crusade, sending troops from Germany, but he failed to accompany the army directly, despite the encouragement of Honorius III and later Gregory IX, as he needed to consolidate his position in Germany and Italy before embarking on a crusade. However, Frederick again promised to go on a crusade after his coronation as emperor in 1220 by Pope Honorius III.

In 1225 Frederick married Yolande of Jerusalem (also known as Isabella), daughter of John of Brienne (nominal ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem) and Maria of Montferrat. Frederick now had a claim to the truncated kingdom, and reason to attempt to restore it. In 1227, after Gregory IX became pope, Frederick and his army set sail from Brindisi, Italy, for Acre (then the capital of the truncated Kingdom of Jerusalem), but an epidemic forced Frederick to return to Italy. Gregory took this opportunity to excommunicate Frederick for breaking his crusader vow, though this was just an excuse, as Frederick had for years been trying to consolidate imperial power in Italy at the expense of the papacy.


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Wikipedia

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