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Shah Jahan

Shah Jahan
Umbrella-china2-lg.jpg
Emperor Shah Jahan on the throne in the palace
5th Mughal Emperor
Reign 19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658 (30 years 193 days)
Coronation 14 February 1628, Agra
Predecessor Shahryar (de facto)
Jahangir
Successor Aurangzeb
Born 5 January 1592
Lahore, Mughal Empire (now in Pakistan)
Died 9 May 1666 (aged 74)
Agra Fort, Agra Mughal Empire, (now in India)
Burial Taj Mahal
Spouse Kandahari Begum
Mumtaz Mahal
Izz un-Nisa Begum
Issue
Full name
Mirza A'la Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Baig Mohammad Khan Khurram Shah Jahan
House House of Timur
Dynasty Mughal Empire
Father Jahangir
Mother Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani
Religion Islam
Full name
Mirza A'la Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Baig Mohammad Khan Khurram Shah Jahan
Mughal emperors
Babur 1526 – 1530
Humayun 1530 – 1540
1555 – 1556
Akbar 1556 – 1605
Jahangir 1605 – 1627
Shahryar (de facto) 1627 – 1628
Shah Jahan 1628 – 1658
Aurangzeb 1658 – 1707
Muhammad Azam Shah (titular) 1707
Bahadur Shah I 1707 – 1712
Jahandar Shah 1712 – 1713
Farrukhsiyar 1713 – 1719
Rafi ud-Darajat 1719
Shah Jahan II 1719
Muhammad Shah 1719 – 1748
Ahmad Shah Bahadur 1748 – 1754
Alamgir II 1754 – 1759
Shah Jahan III (titular) 1759 – 1760
Shah Alam II 1760 – 1806
Jahan Shah IV (titular) 1788
Akbar II 1806 – 1837
Bahadur Shah II 1837 – 1857
Empire abolished and replaced by British Raj
Styles of
Shah Jahan
Reference style Padshah
Spoken style His Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Alam Pana

Mirza Shahabuddin Baig Muhammad Khan Shah Jahan (26 January 1592 – 9 May 1666 OS) was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658.

He was chosen as successor to the throne after the death of his father in 1627. He was considered one of the greatest Mughals of the Timur family. Like his grandfather, Akbar, he was eager to expand his vast empire. In 1658, he fell ill and was confined by his son and successor Aurangzeb in Agra Fort until his death in 1666.

The period of his reign was considered the golden age of Mughal architecture. Shah Jahan erected many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, built in 1632–1654 as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal (1 September 1593 – 17 June 1631).

Born in January 1592, Shah ab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram was the third son born to Emperor Jahangir also known as Salim; his mother was a Rajput princess from Marwar called Princess Jagat Gosaini (her official name in Mughal chronicles was Bilquis Makani). The name "Khurram" was chosen for the young prince by his grandfather, Akbar, with whom the young prince shared a close relationship.

Just prior to Khurram's birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to the childless Empress Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, Akbar's first wife and chief consort, that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness. So, when Khurram was born in 1592 and was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from his mother and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his ageing wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor. Ruqaiya assumed the primary responsibility for Khurram's upbringing and he grew up under her care. Her step-son, Jahangir, noted that Ruqaiya had loved Khurram, "a thousand times more than if he had been her own [son]."

Khurram remained with her until he had turned 13. After the death of Akbar, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, be closer to his biological mother.


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