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Sanitary


Sanitation is the means of promoting hygiene through the prevention of human contact with hazards of wastes especially faeces, by proper treatment and disposal of the waste, often mixed into wastewater. These hazards may be physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease. Wastes that can cause health problems include human and animal excreta, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage or greywater), industrial wastes, and agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention may involve engineering solutions (e.g., sanitary sewers, sewage treatment, surface runoff management, solid waste management, excreta management), simple technologies (e.g., pit latrines, dry toilets, urine-diverting dry toilets, septic tanks), or even simply by behavior changes in personal hygiene practices, such as hand washing with soap.

Providing sanitation to people requires a systems approach, rather than only focusing on the toilet or wastewater treatment plant itself. The experience of the user, excreta and wastewater collection methods, transportation or conveyance of waste, treatment, and reuse or disposal is called the Sanitation chain and all need to be thoroughly considered.

The main objective of a sanitation system is to protect and promote human health by providing a clean environment and breaking the cycle of disease. Lack of improved sanitation access have serious health impact on human kind. In fact, by improving access to safe sanitation and changing hygiene behaviours, diarrhea health impacts - the first death cause of child death under 5 - can be reduced significantly.


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