Rutherford B. Hayes
| Rutherford B. Hayes | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 19th President of the United States | |
|
In office March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 |
|
| Vice President | William A. Wheeler |
| Preceded by | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Succeeded by | James A. Garfield |
| 29th and 32nd Governor of Ohio | |
|
In office January 10, 1876 – March 2, 1877 |
|
| Lieutenant | Thomas L. Young |
| Preceded by | William Allen |
| Succeeded by | Thomas L. Young |
|
In office January 13, 1868 – January 8, 1872 |
|
| Lieutenant | John C. Lee |
| Preceded by | Jacob Dolson Cox |
| Succeeded by | Edward Follansbee Noyes |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio's 2nd district |
|
|
In office March 4, 1865 – July 20, 1867 |
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| Preceded by | Alexander Long |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Fenton Cary |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Rutherford Birchard Hayes October 4, 1822 Delaware, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | January 17, 1893 (aged 70) Fremont, Ohio |
| Resting place | Spiegel Grove State Park, Fremont, Ohio |
| Political party | Republican (1854–1893) |
| Other political affiliations |
Whig (Before 1854) |
| Spouse(s) | Lucy Webb (m. 1852; her death 1889) |
| Children | 8, including Webb Hayes |
| Education | |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Methodism |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 United States of America
|
| Service/branch | |
| Years of service | 1861–1865 |
| Rank |
 Brigadier general (USV) Brevet Major General (USV) |
| Unit | |
| Battles/wars | |
| The Hayes Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office | Name | Term |
| President | Rutherford B. Hayes | 1877–1881 |
| Vice President | William A. Wheeler | 1877–1881 |
| Secretary of State | William M. Evarts | 1877–1881 |
| Secretary of Treasury | John Sherman | 1877–1881 |
| Secretary of War | George W. McCrary | 1877–1879 |
| Alexander Ramsey | 1879–1881 | |
| Attorney General | Charles Devens | 1877–1881 |
| Postmaster General | David M. Key | 1877–1880 |
| Horace Maynard | 1880–1881 | |
| Secretary of the Navy | Richard W. Thompson | 1877–1880 |
| Nathan Goff, Jr. | 1881 | |
| Secretary of the Interior | Carl Schurz | 1877–1881 |
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877–81). He became President at the end of the Reconstruction Era of the United States through a complex Compromise of 1877. As President he ended Army support for Republican state governments in the South, promoted civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Hayes, an attorney in Ohio, was city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain. He earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of brevet major general. After the war, he served in the Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for Governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, from 1868 to 1872, and then to a third term, from 1876 to 1877.
In 1876, Hayes was elected president in one of the most contentious elections in national history. He lost the official popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden (due at least in part to Southern suppression of Republican votes, it is not known with certainty who won the actual popular vote) but he won an intensely disputed electoral college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty contested electoral votes. The result was the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes's election and Hayes withdrew remaining U.S. troops protecting Republican office holders in the South.
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