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Republic of India

Republic of India
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
Horizontal tricolor flag bearing, from top to bottom, deep saffron, white, and green horizontal bands. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel with 24 spokes.
Three lions facing left, right, and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto: "सत्यमेव जयते".
Flag State Emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"
Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" (Bengali)
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"

National song
Vande Mataram
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"
Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.
Area controlled by India shown in dark green;
claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
Capital New Delhi
28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E / 28.6133°N 77.2083°E / 28.6133; 77.2083
Largest city Mumbai
18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°E / 18.97500; 72.82583
Official languages Hindi · English
Recognised regional languages
Religion 79.8% Hinduism
14.2% Islam
2.3% Christianity
1.7% Sikhism
0.7% Buddhism
0.4% Jainism
others
Demonym Indian
Government Federal parliamentary
constitutional republic
• President
Pranab Mukherjee
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
Narendra Modi
Jagdish Singh Khehar
Sumitra Mahajan
Legislature Parliament of India
Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha
Independence from United Kingdom
• Dominion
15 August 1947
• Republic
26 January 1950
Area
• Total
3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) (7th)
• Water (%)
9.6
Population
• 2016 estimate
1,293,057,000 (2nd)
• 2011 census
1,210,854,977 (2nd)
• Density
390.8/km2 (1,012.2/sq mi) (31st)
GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate
• Total
$8.727 trillion (3rd)
• Per capita
$6,664 (122nd)
GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate
• Total
$2.384 trillion (7th)
• Per capita
$1,820 (141st)
Gini (2011) 35.1
medium · 79th
HDI (2014) Increase 0.609
medium · 130th
Currency Indian rupee () (INR)
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
DST is not observed
Date format DD-MM-YYYY
Drives on the left
Calling code +91
ISO 3166 code IN
Internet TLD

.in

National symbols
Flag Tiranga (Tricolour)
Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital
Language None
Anthem Jana Gana Mana
Song Vande Mataram
Currency (Indian rupee)
Calendar Saka
Animal Tiger (land)
River dolphin (aquatic)
Bird Indian peafowl
Flower Lotus
Fruit Mango
Tree Banyan
River Ganga
Game Not declared

.in

India, officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.Four religionsHinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism–originated in India, whereas Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE, and they also played a part in shaping the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.


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