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Raoult's law


Raoult's law is a law of thermodynamics established by French chemist François-Marie Raoult in 1887. It states that the partial vapor pressure of each component of an ideal mixture of liquids is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture.

Mathematically, Raoult's law for a single component in an ideal solution is stated as

where is the partial vapor pressure of the component in the gaseous mixture (above the solution), is the vapor pressure of the pure component , and is the mole fraction of the component in the mixture (in the solution).


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