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Presidency of William McKinley

The McKinley Cabinet
Office Name Term
President William McKinley 1897–1901
Vice President Garret A. Hobart 1897–1899
none 1899–1901
Theodore Roosevelt 1901
Secretary of State John Sherman 1897–1898
William R. Day 1898
John M. Hay 1898–1901
Secretary of Treasury Lyman J. Gage 1897–1901
Secretary of War Russell A. Alger 1897–1899
Elihu Root 1899–1901
Attorney General Joseph McKenna 1897–1898
John W. Griggs 1898–1901
Philander C. Knox 1901
Postmaster General James A. Gary 1897–1898
Charles Emory Smith 1898–1901
Secretary of the Navy John D. Long 1897–1901
Secretary of the Interior Cornelius N. Bliss 1897–1899
Ethan A. Hitchcock 1899–1901
Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson 1897–1901

The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4, 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time, when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on September 14, 1901, upon his assassination and death, 194 days into his second term. McKinley, a Republican, was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt.

The 25th United States president, he took office following the 1896 presidential election, in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan, after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated "sound money", promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity, and denounced Bryan's radicalism and class warfare. He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election, in a campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism, and free silver. McKinley's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid–1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party.

McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, took ownership of Hawaii, the Philippines and Puerto Rico, restored prosperity, promoted pluralism among all groups, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals. Rapid economic growth marked his presidency. He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition, and in 1900, he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act. McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict, but when negotiation failed, he led the nation in the Spanish–American War of 1898; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive. As part of the peace settlement, Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines; Cuba was promised independence, but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army. The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory. As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment, McKinley's presidency is generally ranked above average. Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was "the first modern president":


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