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Ottoman Turks

Ottoman Empire
دولت عليه عثمانیه
Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOsmānīye
Osmanlı Devleti
c. 1299–1922/1923
Flag (1844–1922) Coat of arms (1882 design)
Motto
دولت ابد مدت
Devlet-i Ebed-müddet
"The Eternal State"
Anthem
(various)
(during 1808–1922)
The Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent in Europe, under Sultan Mehmed IV.
Capital
Languages
Religion
Government
Sultan
 •  c. 1299–1323/4 Osman I (first)
 •  1918–1922 Mehmed VI (last)
Caliph
 •  1512–1520 Selim I (first)
 •  1922–1924 Abdülmecid II (last)
Grand Vizier
 •  1320–1331 Alaeddin Pasha (first)
 •  1920–1922 Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (last)
Legislature General Assembly
 •  Upper house Senate
 •  Lower house Chamber of Deputies
History
 •  Founded c. 1299
 •  Interregnum 1402–1414
 •  Transformation from sultanate to empire 1453
 •  1st Constitutional 1876–1878
 •  2nd Constitutional 1908–1920
 •  Sultanate abolished 1 November 1922
 •  Republic of Turkey established 29 October 1923
 •  Caliphate abolished 3 March 1924
Area
 •  1683 5,200,000 km² (2,007,731 sq mi)
 •  1914 1,800,000 km² (694,984 sq mi)
Population
 •  1856 est. 35,350,000 
 •  1906 est. 20,884,000 
 •  1912 est. 24,000,000 
Currency Akçe, Para, Sultani, Kuruş, Lira
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Anatolian Seljuks
Adal Sultanate
Anatolian beyliks
Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Bosnia
Second Bulgarian Empire
Serbian Despotate
Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
Mamluk Sultanate
Hafsid dynasty
Hospitallers of Tripolitania
Kingdom of Tlemcen
Empire of Trebizond
Principality of Samtskhe
Turkish Prov. Gov.
Hellenic Republic
Caucasus Viceroyalty
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Revolutionary Serbia
Albania
Kingdom of Romania
Principality of Bulgaria
OETA
Mandatory Iraq
Kingdom of Hejaz
French Algeria
British Cyprus
French Tunisia
Italian Libya

The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دولت عليه عثمانیه‎, Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOsmānīye; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire,Ottoman Turkey, was an empire founded at the end of the thirteenth century in northwestern Anatolia in the vicinity of Bilecik and Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans the Ottoman Beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, parts of Central Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.


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