One Health Model

The One Health model primarily looks at the how the interaction between humans and animals effects human health. This model has become more prevalent over the past decades as the world has seen increases in emerging zoonotic diseases, such as Avian Influenza, West Nile Virus, and Lyme disease.

The origins of the One Health Model Dates as far back as 1821, with the first links created between human and animal diseases are recognized by Rudolf Virchow. Virchow noticed links between human and animal disease coining the term "zoonosis." The major connection Virchow made was between Trichinella spiralis in swine and human infections. It was over a century later before the ideas laid out by Virchow were integrated into a single health model connecting human health with animal health.

In 1964, Dr. Calvin Schwabe a former member of World Health Organization (WHO) and the founding chair of Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine at the Veterinary School at the University of California Davis, called for a "One Medicine" model emphasizing the need for collaboration between human and wildlife pathologist as a means of controlling and even preventing disease spread. It wouldn't be for another four decades before the One Health becamse a reality with the 12 Manhattan Principles, where human and animal pathologists called for "One Health, One World."

The One Health Model has gained momentum in recent years due to the discovery of the multiple interconnections that exist between animal and human disease. Recent estimates place zoonotic diseases as the source 60% of total human pathogens, and 75% of emerging human pathogens.

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