Ninth Crusade

Part of the Crusades

Operations during the Ninth Crusade.

Date	1271–1272
Location	Near East
Result	Treaty of Caesarea Siege of Tripoli, Lebanon lifted Mamluk fleet destroyed. Ten-year truce between Mamluks and Crusaders

Belligerents

Mamluk Sultanate

Bahris

Commanders and leaders

Prince Edward of England
Charles I of Naples
Leo II of Armenia
Hugh III of Cyprus
Bohemond VI of Antioch
Abaqa Khan
Samagar

Baibars

Strength

Crusaders: Unknown

1,000 in Edward's initial party

Ilkhanate: 10,000 cavalry

Unknown

Casualties and losses

Unknown

Unknown total

Nazareth garrison killed
17 war galleys destroyed
1,500 soldiers killed in Qaqun

Mamluk Sultanate

Crusaders: Unknown

Unknown total

The Ninth Crusade, which is sometimes grouped with the Eighth Crusade, is commonly considered to be the last major medieval Crusade to the Holy Land. It took place in 1271–1272.

Louis IX of France's failure to capture Tunis in the Eighth Crusade led Henry III of England's son Edward to sail to Acre in what is known as the Ninth Crusade. The Ninth Crusade saw several impressive victories for Edward over Baibars. Ultimately the Crusade did not so much fail as withdraw, since Edward had pressing concerns at home and felt unable to resolve the internal conflicts within the remnant Outremer territories. It is arguable that the Crusading spirit was nearly "extinct," by this period as well. It also foreshadowed the imminent collapse of the last remaining crusader strongholds along the Mediterranean coast.

Following the Mamluk victory over the Mongols in 1260 at the Battle of Ain Jalut by Qutuz and his general Baibars, Qutuz was assassinated, leaving Baibars to claim the sultanate for himself. As Sultan, Baibars proceeded to attack the Christian crusaders at Arsuf, Athlith, Haifa, Safad, Jaffa, Ascalon, and Caesarea. As the Crusader fortress cities fell one by one, the Christians sought help from Europe, but assistance was slow in coming.

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