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Nikita Krushchev

Nikita Khrushchev
Никита Хрущёв
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B0628-0015-035, Nikita S. Chruschtschow.jpg
Khrushchev at Schönefeld Airport,
East Berlin, 1963
First Secretary of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
In office
14 September 1953 – 14 October 1964
Preceded by Georgy Malenkov (de facto)
Succeeded by Leonid Brezhnev
Chairman of the Council of Ministers
In office
27 March 1958 – 14 October 1964
First Deputies
Preceded by Nikolai Bulganin
Succeeded by Alexei Kosygin
Personal details
Born Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev
(1894-04-15)15 April 1894
Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire
Died 11 September 1971(1971-09-11) (aged 77)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Nationality Soviet
Political party Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Spouse(s)
Children
  • Yulia (1915–1981)
  • Leonid (1917–1943)
  • Rada (1929–2016)
  • Sergei (1935)
  • Elena (1937–1972)
Alma mater Industrial Academy
Awards Hero of the Soviet Union Hero of Socialist Labor medal.png Hero of Socialist Labor medal.png Hero of Socialist Labor medal.png
Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png
Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order suvorov1 rib.png
Order kutuzov1 rib.png Order suvorov2 rib.png Order gpw1 rib.png Orderredbannerlabor rib.png
Signature A scrawled "Н Хрущёв"
Military service
Allegiance Soviet Union
Service/branch Red Army
Years of service 1941–45
Rank Lieutenant General
Commands Soviet Armed Forces
Battles/wars World War II


Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.

Khrushchev was born in the village of Kalinovka in 1894, close to the present-day border between Russia and Ukraine. He was employed as a metalworker in his youth, and during the Russian Civil War was a political commissar. With the help of Lazar Kaganovich, he worked his way up the Soviet hierarchy. He supported Joseph Stalin's purges, and approved thousands of arrests. In 1938, Stalin sent him to govern Ukraine, and he continued the purges there. During what was known in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of World War II), Khrushchev was again a commissar, serving as an intermediary between Stalin and his generals. Khrushchev was present at the bloody defense of Stalingrad, a fact he took great pride in throughout his life. After the war, he returned to Ukraine before being recalled to Moscow as one of Stalin's close advisers.


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