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Nidwalden

Kanton Nidwalden
Canton of Switzerland
Coat of arms of Kanton Nidwalden
Coat of arms
Map of Switzerland, location of Nidwalden highlighted
Location in Switzerland
Coordinates: 46°56′N 8°4′E / 46.933°N 8.067°E / 46.933; 8.067Coordinates: 46°56′N 8°4′E / 46.933°N 8.067°E / 46.933; 8.067
Capital Stans
Subdivisions 11 municipalities
Government
 • Executive Regierungsrat (7)
 • Legislative Landrat (60)
Area
 • Total 275.9 km2 (106.5 sq mi)
Population (12/2015)
 • Total 42,420
 • Density 150/km2 (400/sq mi)
ISO 3166 code CH-NW
Highest point 2,901 m (9,518 ft): Rotstöckli
Lowest point 434 m (1,424 ft): Lake Lucerne
Joined 1291
Languages German
Website NW.ch

The Canton of Nidwalden (German pronunciation: [ˈnidˌvaldən]) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. The population is 40,287 (in 2007) of which 4,046 (or 10%) are foreigners. The capital is Stans.

The earliest traces of human settlement date to the Neolithic with sites found near Stansstad that are from 4000–3100 BC. The same sites, near Stansstad, also contain Late Bronze Age (1400–1100 BC) artifacts, with additional Bronze Age sites near Hergiswil and Ennetmoos. A La Tène (500–100 BC) grave for a 10-year-old girl has been found in Stans. Based on these finds, it appears that the Nidwalden region has been settled since the 1st millennium BC.

During the Roman Empire Ob and Nidwalden were inhabited by a Gallo-Roman or Celtic population. While there are few artifacts from the population, many names of the towns, rivers and mountains have either Celtic or Gallo-Roman roots. By the 8th century the Alemanni entered the valleys of present-day Nidwalden and intermingled. At this time a Roman Catholic church was built in Stans, most likely founded by an Alemanni noble family. The church in Stans would remain until the 10th century when it was replaced by a church in Buochs.

Initially the land was owned by a number of noble families and abbeys. But by the late 13th century the major powers in Nidwalden had shrunk to three: the Habsburgs, Murbach Abbey and Engelberg Abbey. In 1291 Rudolph of Habsburg bought Obwalden from Murbach Abbey. In response the people of Nidwalden (Obwalden joined shortly before the document was signed, the two halves forming Unterwalden) joined Uri and Schwyz to form an alliance which is considered the foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy.


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