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List of linguistic rights in European constitutions


Linguistic rights in Europe are stated in constitutions which differ by country. These constitutions usually state the national language or official language, and may or may not explicitly allow for other languages in the country. Most of the linguistic rights stated here are negative rights, which grant freedom of usage of own language and prevents discrimination based on language. Some countries do offer positive rights: for example provision of language education from State funds in Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Hungary, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine.

Constitution as adopted on 4 August 1998.

Constitution of Andorra as adopted on 28 April 1993.

Constitution as adopted on 5 July 1995.

Constitution as adopted in 1929.

Austrian State Treaty, signed in 1955 and included in the Constitution

Constitution as of 12 November 1995.

Constitution as adopted on 15 March 1994.

Constitution of 7 February 1831, revised to 17 February 1994.

Constitution as adopted on 1 December 1995.

Constitution as adopted on 12 July 1991.

Constitution as adopted on 22 December 1990.

Constitution as adopted on 6 August 1960.

Neither the Czech Constitution nor the Charter name any official language of the country. Administrative code and Rules of Court Procedure, however, specify Czech language as the language of procedure of public administration and courts respectively. Specific linguistic rights are included in the following Articles of the Charter:

Special enactments deal with the aforementioned constitutional rights of minorities. Special treatment is afforded to Slovak language, which may be the language of administrative and other procedure according to a number of specific laws. According to the Act on Rights of Members of Minorities, citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law. Other than Slovak, the languages of officially recognized minorities in the Czech Republic are Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Hungarian, Polish, Romani, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian and Ukrainian. These are indirectly under constitutional protection of the Charter's Article 25 via the Act on Rights of Minorities and official Government recognition. Unlike in many other European countries, the minorities' linguistic rights are not regionally restricted and may be enjoyed within the territory of the whole country. Among minorities which are as of 2012 seeking the same status are the Vietnamese and the Belorussian.


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