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Libreville

Libreville
Aerial view of Libreville
Aerial view of Libreville
Coat of arms of Libreville
Coat of arms
Libreville is located in Gabon
Libreville
Libreville
Location in Gabon
Coordinates: 0°23′24″N 9°27′0″E / 0.39000°N 9.45000°E / 0.39000; 9.45000
Country Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon
Province Estuaire Province
Capital district Libreville
Government
 • Mayor Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda (PDG)
Population (2013 census)
 • Total 703,904
Website www.libreville.ga

Libreville is the capital and largest city of Gabon, in west central Africa. The city is a port on the Komo River, near the Gulf of Guinea, and a trade center for a timber region. As of 2013 its census population was 703,904.

The area was inhabited by the Mpongwé tribe long before the French acquired the land in 1839. In 1846, the Brazilian slave ship L'Elizia, carrying slaves from the Congo, was captured near Loango by the French navy which was tasked with contributing the British Blockade of Africa. Fifty-two of the freed slaves were resettled on the site of Libreville (French for "Freetown") in 1849. It was the chief port of French Equatorial Africa from 1934 to 1946 and was the central focus of the Battle of Gabon in 1940.

In 1910, French Equatorial Africa (Afrique équatoriale française, AEF) was created, and French companies were allowed to exploit the Middle Congo (modern-day Congo Brazzaville). It soon became necessary to build a railroad that would connect Brazzaville, the terminus of the river navigation on the Congo River and the Ubangui River, with the Atlantic coast. As rapids make it impossible to navigate on the Congo River past Brazzaville, and the coastal railroad terminus site had to allow for the construction of a deep-sea port, authorities chose the site of Ponta Negra instead of Libreville as originally envisaged. Construction of the Congo-Ocean Railway began in 1921, and Libreville was surpassed by the rapid growth of Pointe-Noire, farther down the coast.

Libreville was named in imitation of Freetown and grew only slowly as a trading post and a minor administrative centre to a population of 32,000 on independence in 1960. It only received its first bank branch when Bank of West Africa (BAO) opened a branch in 1930. Since independence, the city has grown rapidly and now houses nearly half the national population.


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