Lebanese Civil War

Lebanese Civil War

Martyrs Square 1982.jpg

The Martyr's Square statue in Beirut, 1982, during the civil war

Date	13 April 1975 – 13 October 1990 (15 years and 6 months) (Syrian occupation ended on 30 April 2005)
Location	Lebanon
Result	Taif Agreement Christian 6:5 ascendancy replaced by 1:1 representation Muslim prime-ministerial powers strengthened PLO expulsion from Lebanon Syrian occupation of most of Lebanon Conflict in South Lebanon Israeli-backed Free Lebanon State (1979-1983) fails and replaced by Israeli Security Zone (referred as occupation) Emergence of Hezbollah

Belligerents

LF
AFL (until 1977)
SLA (from 1976)
Israel (from 1978)

Tigers Militia (until 1980)

Marada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)

LNM (until 1982)
Jammoul (from 1982)
PLO

Hezbollah (from 1985)
Iran (from 1980, mainly IRGC paramilitary units)

Islamic Unification Movement (from 1982)

LAF
UNIFIL (from 1978)
Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984)
United States
France
Italy

Syria 1976, and from 1983
Arab Deterrent Force (1976–1982)

Saudi Arabia (1976-79)
Sudan (1976-79)
UAE (1976-79)
Libya (1976 only)
South Yemen (1976-77)

Commanders and leaders

Bachir Gemayel †
Amine Gemayel
William Hawi †
Samir Geagea
Michel Aoun
Etienne Saqr
Georges Adwan
Saad Haddad †
Antoine Lahad
Menachem Begin
Ariel Sharon

Dany Chamoun †

Tony Frangieh †
Suleiman Frangieh

Kamal Jumblatt †
Walid Jumblatt
Inaam Raad
Abdallah Saadeh
Assem Qanso
George Hawi
Elias Atallah
Muhsin Ibrahim
Ibrahim Kulaylat
Ali Eid
Yasser Arafat
George Habash

Abbas al-Musawi

Said Shaaban

Emmanuel A. Erskine
William O'Callaghan
Gustav Hägglund
Timothy J. Geraghty

Strength

25,000 troops (1976)

1,200 troops

1,000 troops

1,000 troops

700 troops

700 troops

120,000–150,000 people killed

LF
AFL (until 1977)
SLA (from 1976)
Israel (from 1978)

Tigers Militia (until 1980)

LNM (until 1982)
Jammoul (from 1982)
PLO

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Wikipedia

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