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Kingdom of Bavaria

Kingdom of Bavaria
Königreich Bayern
Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire
(1805–1806)
State of the Confederation of the Rhine
(1806–13)
State of the German Confederation
(1815–66)
Federal State of the German Empire
(1871–1918)
1805–1918
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem
Königsstrophe
"Kings stanze"
Location of the Kingdom of Bavaria (green) within the German Confederation (dark grey) and Europe, circa 1815
The Kingdom of Bavaria within the German Empire with the exclave of Palatinate
Capital Munich
Languages Bavarian,
Swabian,
Main-Franconian,
Rhine-Franconian
Religion Majority:
Roman Catholic
Government Constitutional Monarchy
King
 •  1805–1825 Maximilian I Joseph
 •  1825–1848 Ludwig I
 •  1848–1864 Maximilian II
 •  1864–1886 Ludwig II
 •  1886–1913 Otto
 •  1913–1918 Ludwig III
Prince Regent
 •  1886–1912 Leopold Charles
 •  1912–1913 Ludwig Leopold
Minister-President
 •  1806–1817 Maximilian von Montgelas
 •  1917–1918 Otto Ritter von Dandl
Legislature Landtag
 •  Upper Chamber Herrenhaus
 •  Lower Chamber Abgeordnetenhaus
Historical era Napoleonic Wars / WWI
 •  Treaty of Pressburg 26 December 1805
 •  Established 26 December 1805
 •  Treaty of Ried 8 October 1813
 •  Treaty of Paris 30 May 1814
 •  Unification of Germany 18 January 1871
 •  German Revolution 9 November 1918
 •  Anif declaration 12 November 1918
Area
 •  1910 75,865 km² (29,292 sq mi)
Population
 •  1910 est. 6,524,372 
     Density 86 /km²  (222.7 /sq mi)
Currency Bavarian Gulden,
(1806–1873)
German Goldmark,
(1873–1914)
German Papiermark
(1914–1918)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Electorate of Bavaria
Bishopric of Würzburg
Bavaria
Bavarian Soviet Republic

The Kingdom of Bavaria (German: Königreich Bayern) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1805 as Maximilian I Joseph. The crown would go on being held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom came to an end in 1918. Most of Bavaria's present-day borders were established after 1814 with the Treaty of Paris, in which Bavaria ceded Tyrol and Vorarlberg to the Austrian Empire while receiving Aschaffenburg and Würzburg. With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the kingdom became a state of the new Empire and was second in size, power, and wealth only to the leading state, the Kingdom of Prussia. Since the end of the kingdom and the empire in 1918, Bavaria has remained part of Germany.

On 30 December 1777, the Bavarian line of the Wittelsbachs became extinct, and the succession on the Electorate of Bavaria passed to Charles Theodore, the Elector Palatine. After a separation of four and a half centuries, the Palatinate, to which the duchies of Jülich and Berg had been added, was thus reunited with Bavaria. In 1792 French revolutionary armies overran the Palatinate; in 1795 the French, under Moreau, invaded Bavaria itself, advanced to Munich—where they were received with joy by the long-suppressed Liberals—and laid siege to Ingolstadt. Charles Theodore, who had done nothing to prevent wars or to resist the invasion, fled to Saxony, leaving a regency, the members of which signed a convention with Moreau, by which he granted an armistice in return for a heavy contribution (7 September 1796). Between the French and the Austrians, Bavaria was now in a bad situation. Before the death of Charles Theodore (16 February 1799) the Austrians had again occupied the country, in preparation for renewing the war with France.


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