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Joseon

Kingdom of Joseon
대조선국 (大朝鮮國)
1392–1897
Royal standard Royal emblem
Territory of Joseon after Jurchen conquest of King Sejong
Capital Hanseong
Languages Korean
Religion Neo-Confucianism (state religion)
Korean Buddhism
Korean shamanism
Christianity (from 1886)
Government Monarchy
King
 •  1392–1398 Taejo (1st)
 •  1418–1450 Sejong the Great (4th)
 •  1776–1800 Jeongjo (22nd)
 •  1863–1897 Gojong (26th)
Yeonguijeong
 •  1392–1398 Jeong Do-jeon
 •  1431–1449 Hwang Hui
 •  1592–1598 Ryu Seong-ryong
 •  1793–1801 Chae Jegong
Historical era Early modern period
 •  Coup of 1388 May 20, 1388
 •  Coronation of Taejo July 17, 1392
 •  Promulgation of the Korean alphabet October 9, 1446
 •  Japanese invasions 1592–1598
 •  Manchu invasions 1627, 1636–1637
 •  Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 February 27, 1876
 •  Elevation to empire October 12, 1897
Population
 •  1400 est. 5,730,000 
 •  1500 est. 9,000,000 
 •  1600 est. 11,000,000 
 •  1700 est. 13,500,000 
 •  1800 est. 16,500,000 
Currency Mun (1633–1892)
Yang (1892–97)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Royal flag of Goryeo (Bong-gi).svg Goryeo
Korean Empire
Today part of  South Korea
 North Korea

The Kingdom of Joseon (Hangul대조선국; Hanja, Korean pronunciation: [tɕo.sʌn], literally "Great Joseon State"; also Chosŏn, Choson, Chosun) was a Korean kingdom founded by Yi Seonggye that lasted for approximately five centuries, from July 1392 to October 1897. It was officially renamed the Korean Empire in October 1897. It was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the Yalu and Tumen Rivers through the subjugation of the Jurchens. Joseon was the last dynasty of Korea and its longest-ruling Confucian dynasty.

During its reign, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Chinese Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new dynasty's state ideology. Buddhism was accordingly discouraged and occasionally faced persecutions by the dynasty. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the territory of current Korea and saw the height of classical Korean culture, trade, science, literature, and technology. However, the dynasty was severely weakened during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, when the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) and the first and second Manchu invasions of 1636 nearly overran the Korean Peninsula, leading to an increasingly harsh isolationist policy for which the country became known as the "hermit kingdom". After the end of invasions from Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace.


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